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of each paper to access MedLine abstract at NLM site García-Granero E, Sanahuja A, García-Botello SA, Faiz O, Esclápez P, Espí A, Flor B, Minguez M, Lledó S. The ideal Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS): clinical and endosonographic evaluation following open and closed internal anal sphincterotomy. Colorectal Dis. 2008 Jul 15 Emami MH, Sayedyahossein S, Aslani A.Safety and efficacy of new glyceryl trinitrate suppository formula: first double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008 Jul;51(7):1079-83. Brisinda G, Cadeddu F, Brandara F, Marniga G, Vanella S, Nigro C, Maria G.Botulinum toxin for recurrent anal fissure following lateral internal sphincterotomy. Br J Surg. 2008 Jun;95(6):774-8. Yüksel O, Bostanci H, Leventoğlu S, Sahin TT, Menteş BB.Keyhole deformity: a case series. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008 Jun;12(6):1110-4. Sajid MS, Vijaynagar B, Desai M, Cheek E, Baig MK.Botulinum toxin vs glyceryltrinitrate for the medical management of chronic anal fissure: a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 2008 Jul;10(6):541-6. Sajid MS, Hunte S, Hippolyte S, Kiri VA, Maringe C, Baig MK.Comparison of surgical vs chemical sphincterotomy using botulinum toxin for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 2008 Jul;10(6):547-52. Epub 2007 Sep 13. Kang GS, Kim BS, Choi PS, Kang DW. Evaluation of healing and complications after lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: marginal suture of incision vs. open left incision: prospective, randomized, controlled study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008 Mar;51(3):329-33. Baraza W, Boereboom C, Shorthouse A, Brown S. The long-term efficacy of fissurectomy and botulinum toxin injection for chronic anal fissure in females. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008 Feb;51(2):239-43.Jenkins JT, Urie A, Molloy RG. Anterior anal fissures are associated with occult sphincter injury and abnormal sphincter function. Colorectal Dis. 2008 Mar;10(3):280-5. Epub 2007 Jul 26. Jenkins JT, Urie A, Molloy RG. Anterior anal fissures are associated with occult sphincter injury and abnormal sphincter function. Colorectal Dis. 2007 Jul 26; Placer C, Elosegui JL, Irureta I, Mujika JA, Goena I, Enriquez Navascues JM. [Initial response to topical diltiazem can predict outcome of chronic anal fissure]Cir Esp. 2007 Jul;82(1):16-20. Spanish. Elwakeel HA, Moneim HA, Farid M, Gohar AA. Clove oil cream: a new effective treatment for chronic anal fissure. Colorectal Dis. 2007 Jul;9(6):549-52. Gupta PJ. Internal anal sphincterolysis for chronic anal fissure: a prospective, clinical, and manometric study. Am J Surg. 2007 Jul;194(1):13-6. Gupta PJ. Effects of Warm Water Sitz Bath on Symptoms in Post-anal Sphincterotomy in Chronic Anal Fissure-A Randomized and Controlled Study. World J Surg. 2007 Jul;31(7):1480-4. Shrivastava UK, Jain BK, Kumar P, Saifee Y. A comparison of the effects of diltiazem and glyceryl trinitrate ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a randomized clinical trial. Surg Today. 2007;37(6):482-5. Pascual M, Pares D, Pera M, Courtier R, Gil MJ, Puig S, Serrano A, Andreu M, Grande L. Variation in Clinical, Manometric and Endosonographic Findings in Anterior Chronic Anal Fissure: A Prospective Study. Dig Dis Sci. 2007 May 8; Ballester C, Sarria B, Garcia-Granero E, Morcillo EJ, Lledo S, Cortijo J. Relaxation of the isolated human internal anal sphincter by sildenafil. Br J Surg. 2007 Jul;94(7):894-902.
Azarnoff DL, Lee JC,
Lee C, Chandler J, Karlin D.
Quality of extemporaneously compounded nitroglycerin
ointment. Dhawan S, Chopra S. Nonsurgical Approaches for the Treatment of Anal Fissures. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007 Mar 31; Ballester C, Sarria B, Garcia-Granero E, Morcillo EJ, Lledo S, Cortijo J. Relaxation of the isolated human internal anal sphincter by sildenafil. Br J Surg. 2007 Mar 5; Brown CJ, Dubreuil D, Santoro L, Liu M, O'Connor BI, McLeod RS. Lateral internal sphincterotomy is superior to topical nitroglycerin for healing chronic anal fissure and does not compromise long-term fecal continence: six-year follow-up of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007 Apr;50(4):442-8.
Brisinda G, Cadeddu F, Brandara F, Marniga G, Maria
G.
Randomized clinical trial comparing botulinum toxin
injections with 0.2 per cent nitroglycerin ointment for
chronic anal fissure.
Pascual
M, Pera M, Courtier R, Gil MJ, Pares D, Puig S, Andreu M,
Grande L.
Endosonographic and manometric evaluation of internal anal
sphincter in patients with chronic anal fissure and its
correlation with clinical outcome after topical glyceryl
trinitrate therapy. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007 Jan 10;
Gaj F, Trecca A, Crispino P. Efficacy of anal dilators in the treatment of acute anal fissure. A controlled clinical trial] Chir Ital. 2006 Nov-Dec;58(6):761-5. Schiano di Visconte M, Di Bella R, Munegato G. Randomized, prospective trial comparing 0.25 percent glycerin trinitrate ointment and anal cryothermal dilators only with 0.25 percent glycerin trinitrate ointment and only with anal cryothermal dilators in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a two-year follow-up. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 Dec;49(12):1822-30. Nash GF, Kapoor K, Saeb-Parsy K, Kunanadam T, Dawson PM. The long-term results of diltiazem treatment for anal fissure. Int J Clin Pract. 2006 Nov;60(11):1411-3.
Nelson R.
Non surgical therapy for anal fissure. Katsinelos P, Kountouras J, Paroutoglou G, Beltsis A, Chatzimavroudis G, Zavos C, Katsinelos T, Papaziogas B. Aggressive treatment of acute anal fissure with 0.5% nifedipine ointment prevents its evolution to chronicity. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Oct 14;12(38):6203-6. Jones OM, Ramalingam T, Merrie A, Cunningham C, George BD, Mortensen NJ, Lindsey I. Randomized clinical trial of botulinum toxin plus glyceryl trinitrate vs. botulinum toxin alone for medically resistant chronic anal fissure: overall poor healing rates. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 Oct;49(10):1574-80.
Lund JN, Nystrom PO, Coremans G, Herold
A, Karaitianos I, Spyrou M, Schouten WR, Sebastian AA,
Pescatori M.
An
evidence-based treatment algorithm for anal fissure.
Nash GF, Kapoor K,
Saeb-Parsy K, Kunanadam T, Dawson PM.
The long-term results of diltiazem treatment for anal
fissure. Fruehauf H, Fried M, Wegmueller B, Bauerfeind P, Thumshirn M. Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin a injection compared with topical nitroglycerin ointment for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a prospective randomized study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Sep;101(9):2107-12. Lund JN. Nitric oxide deficiency in the internal anal sphincter of patients with chronic anal fissure. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006 Oct;21(7):673-5. Epub 2005 Jul 29 Fruehauf H, Fried M, Wegmueller B, Bauerfeind P, Thumshirn M. Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin A Injection Compared with Topical Nitroglycerin Ointment for the Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure: A Prospective Randomized Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Jul 18;Steele SR, Madoff RD. Systematic review: the treatment of anal fissure. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jul 15;24(2):247-57. Liratzopoulos N, Efremidou EI, Papageorgiou MS, Kouklakis G, Moschos J, Manolas KJ, Minopoulos GJ. Lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: our experience. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2006 Jun;15(2):143-7. Daniel F, de Parades V, Siproudhis L, Atienza P. [Botulinum toxin and chronic anal fissure] Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2006 May;30(5):687-95. French. Lysy J, Israeli E, Levy S, Rozentzweig G, Strauss-Liviatan N, Goldin E. Long-term results of "chemical sphincterotomy" for chronic anal fissure: a prospective study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 Jun;49(6):858-64.Gupta PJ. Sphincterolysis: a novel approach towards chronic anal fissure. Eur Surg Res. 2006;38(2):122-6. Bhardwaj R, Drye E, Vaizey C. Novel delivery of botulinum toxin for the treatment of anal fissures. Colorectal Dis. 2006 May;8(4):360-4.
Torrabadella L, Salgado G.
Controlled dose delivery in topical treatment of anal
fissure: pilot study of a new paradigm. Mentes BB, Tezcaner T, Yilmaz U, Leventoglu S, Oguz M. Results of lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure with particular reference to quality of life. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 Jul;49(7):1045-51. Lysy J, Israeli E, Levy S, Rozentzweig G, Strauss-Liviatan N, Goldin E. Long-Term Results of "Chemical Sphincterotomy" for Chronic Anal Fissure: A Prospective Study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 Apr 28; Torrabadella L, Salgado G. Controlled Dose Delivery in Topical Treatment of Anal Fissure: Pilot Study of a New Paradigm. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 Apr 13; Mentes BB, Tezcaner T, Yilmaz U, Leventoglu S, Oguz M. Results of Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy for Chronic Anal Fissure With Particular Reference to Quality of Life. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 Apr 7; [No authors listed] Nicorandil: anal ulcerations an additional concern. Prescrire Int. 2006 Feb;15(81):19. Tranqui P, Trottier DC, Victor C, Freeman JB. Nonsurgical treatment of chronic anal fissure: nitroglycerin and dilatation versus nifedipine and botulinum toxin. Can J Surg. 2006 Feb;49(1):41-5.
Floyd ND, Kondylis L, Kondylis PD, Reilly JC.
Chronic anal fissure: 1994 and a decade later--are we doing
better? De Nardi P, Ortolano E, Radaelli G, Staudacher C. Comparison of glycerine trinitrate and botulinum toxin-a for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: long-term results. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 Apr;49(4):427-32. Katsinelos P, Papaziogas B, Koutelidakis I, Paroutoglou G, Dimiropoulos S, Souparis A, Atmatzidis K. Topical 0.5% nifedipine vs. lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: long-term follow-up. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006 Mar;21(2):179-83. Mishra R, Thomas S, Maan MS, Hadke NS. Topical nitroglycerin versus lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: prospective, randomized trial. ANZ J Surg. 2005 Dec;75(12):1032-5.Essani R, Sarkisyan G, Beart RW, Ault G, Vukasin P, Kaiser AM. Cost-saving effect of treatment algorithm for chronic anal fissure: a prospective analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2005 Dec;9(9):1237-44. Prins HA, Gosselink MP, Mitales LE, Buise MP, Teerlink T, Esser C, Schouten WR. The effect of oral administration of L-arginine on anal resting pressure and anodermal blood flow in healthy volunteers. Tech Coloproctol. 2005 Dec;9(3):229-32; discussion 232-3
Alper D, Ram E, Stein GY, Dreznik Z.
Resting anal pressure following hemorrhoidectomy and lateral sphincterotomy.
Alper D, Ram E, Stein GY,
Dreznik Z.
Resting Anal Pressure Following Hemorrhoidectomy and Lateral
Sphincterotomy. Morio O, Meurette G, Desfourneaux V, D'Halluin PN, Bretagne JF, Siproudhis L. Anorectal physiology in solitary ulcer syndrome: a case-matched series. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 Oct;48(10):1917-22. Katsinelos P, Papaziogas B, Koutelidakis I, Paroutoglou G, Dimiropoulos S, Souparis A, Atmatzidis K.Topical 0.5% nifedipine vs. lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: long-term follow-up. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2005 Aug 10; Jonas-Obichere M, Scholefield JH, Acheson A, Mundey M, Tyler H, Wilson VG. Comparison of the effects of nitric oxide donors and calcium channel blockers on the intrinsic myogenic tone of sheep isolated internal anal sphincter. Br J Surg. 2005 Oct;92(10):1263-9. Ram E, Alper D, Stein GY, Bramnik Z, Dreznik Z. Internal anal sphincter function following lateral internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure: a long-term manometric study. Ann Surg. 2005 Aug;242(2):208-11.Filingeri V, Gravante G. A prospective randomized trial betwen subcutaneous lateral internal sphincterotomy with radiofrequency bistoury and conventional parks' operation in the treatment of anal fissures. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2005 May-Jun;9(3):175-8. Lund JN. Nitric oxide deficiency in the internal anal sphincter of patients with chronic anal fissure. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2005 Jul 29; Jonas-Obichere M, Scholefield JH, Acheson A, Mundey M, Tyler H, Wilson VG. Comparison of the effects of nitric oxide donors and calcium channel blockers on the intrinsic myogenic tone of sheep isolated internal anal sphincter. Br J Surg. 2005 Jul 25 Gupta PJ. A study of suppurative pathologies associated with chronic anal fissures. Tech Coloproctol. 2005 Jul 8; Rotholtz NA, Bun M, Mauri MV, Bosio R, Peczan CE, Mezzadri NA. Long-term assessment of fecal incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy. Tech Coloproctol. 2005 Jul 8; Rosa G, Lolli P, Piccinelli D, Mazzola F, Zugni C, Ballarin A, Bonomo S. Calibrated lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure. Tech Coloproctol. 2005 Jul 8; Arroyo A, Perez-Vicente F, Miranda E, Serrano P, Perez-Vazquez M, Calpena R. [Manometric factors associated with recurrence in botulinum toxin treatment for chronic anal fissure. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Jun-Jul;28(6):311-4. Iswariah H, Stephens J, Rieger N, Rodda D, Hewett P. Randomized prospective controlled trial of lateral internal sphincterotomy versus injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of idiopathic fissure in ano. ANZ J Surg. 2005 Jul;75(7):553-5. Demirbag S, Tander B, Atabek C, Surer I, Ozturk H, Cetinkursun S. Long-term results of topical glyceryl trinitrate ointment in children with anal fissure. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2005 Jun;25(2):135-7. Casillas S, Hull TL, Zutshi M, Trzcinski R, Bast JF, Xu M. Incontinence after a lateral internal sphincterotomy: are we underestimating it? Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 Jun;48(6):1193-9. Thornton MJ, Kennedy ML, King DW. Prospective manometric assessment of botulinum toxin and its correlation with healing of chronic anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 Jul;48(7):1424-31.Katory M, Davies B, Kelty C, Arasaradnam R, Skinner P, Brown S, Bagley J, Shorthouse AJ, Hunt LM, Slater R. Nicorandil and idiopathic anal ulceration. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 Jul;48(7):1442-6. Ortiz H, Marzo J, Armendariz P, De Miguel M. Quality of life assessment in patients with chronic anal fissure after lateral internal sphincterotomy. Br J Surg. 2005 Jul;92(7):881-5. Thornton MJ, Kennedy ML, King DW. Manometric effect of topical glyceryl trinitrate and its impact on chronic anal fissure healing.Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 Jun;48(6):1207-12. Cho DY. Controlled lateral sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 May;48(5):1037-41. Arroyo A, Perez F, Serrano P, Candela F, Calpena R. Long-term results of botulinum toxin for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: prospective clinical and manometric study. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2005 May;20(3):267-71. Arroyo Sebastian A, Perez Vicente F, Miranda Tauler E, Sanchez Romero A, Serrano Paz P, Calpena Rico R. Surgical (close lateral internal sphincterotomy) versus chemical (botulinum toxin) sphincterotomy as treatment of chronic anal fissure. Med Clin (Barc). 2005 Apr 23;124(15):573-5. Nelson R. Operative procedures for fissure in ano. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Apr 18;(2): Arroyo A, Perez F, Serrano P, Candela F, Lacueva J, Calpena R. Surgical versus chemical (botulinum toxin) sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: long-term results of a prospective randomized clinical and manometric study. Am J Surg. 2005 Apr;189(4):429-34. Jones OM, Ramalingam T, Lindsey I, Cunningham C, George BD, Mortensen NJ. Digital rectal examination of sphincter pressures in chronic anal fissure is unreliable. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 Feb;48(2):349-52. Garrido R, Lagos N, Lattes K, Abedrapo M, Bocic G, Cuneo A, Chiong H, Jensen C, Azolas R, Henriquez A, Garcia C. Gonyautoxin: new treatment for healing acute and chronic anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 Feb;48(2):335-40; discussion 340-3. Thornton MJ, Kennedy ML, King DW. Manometric Effect of Topical Glyceryl Trinitrate and Its Impact on Chronic Anal Fissure Healing. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 Mar 24; Cho DY. Controlled Lateral Sphincterotomy for Chronic Anal Fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 Mar 22; Gosselink MP, Darby M, Zimmerman DD, Gruss HJ, Schouten WR. Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure by Application of L: -Arginine Gel: A Phase II Study in 15 Patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 Mar 2; Ho KS, Ho YH. Randomized clinical trial comparing oral nifedipine with lateral anal sphincterotomy and tailored sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Br J Surg. 2005 Apr;92(4):403-8. Mentes BB, Ege B, Leventoglu S, Oguz M, Karadag A. Extent of lateral internal sphincterotomy: up to the dentate line or up to the fissure apex? Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 Feb;48(2):365-70. Madalinski M, Chodorowski Z. Relation between botulinum toxin and nitric oxide donors in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Feb;11(2):HY1-5. Renzi A, Brusciano L, Pescatori M, Izzo D, Napoletano V, Rossetti G, del Genio G, del Genio A. Pneumatic balloon dilatation for chronic anal fissure: a prospective, clinical, endosonographic, and manometric study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 Jan;48(1):121-6. Garrido R, Lagos N, Lattes K, Abedrapo M, Bocic G, Cuneo A, Chiong H, Jensen C, Azolas R, Henriquez A, Garcia C. Gonyautoxin: New Treatment for Healing Acute and Chronic Anal Fissures. Extremophiles. 2005 Jan 24; [ Madalinski M, Chodorowski Z. Relation between botulinum toxin and nitric oxide donors in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Jan 24;11(2):HY1-5 Bove A, Balzano A, Perrotti P, Antropoli C, Lombardi G, Pucciani F. Different anal pressure profiles in patients with anal fissure. Tech Coloproctol. 2004 Nov;8(3):151-6; discussion 156-7. Sanchez Romero A, Arroyo Sebastian A, Perez Vicente F, Serrano Paz P, Candela Polo F, Tomas Gomez A, Costa Navarro D, Fernandez Frias A, Calpena Rico R. Open lateral internal anal sphincterotomy under local anesthesia as the gold standard in the treatment of chronic anal fissures. A prospective clinical and manometric study. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2004 Dec;96(12):856-863. Lindsey I, Cunningham C, Jones OM, Francis C, Mortensen NJ. Fissurectomy-botulinum toxin: a novel sphincter-sparing procedure for medically resistant chronic anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 Nov;47(11):1947-52. Arroyo A, Perez F, Serrano P, Candela F, Calpena R. Long-term results of botulinum toxin for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: prospective clinical and manometric study. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2004 Oct 30;Weinstein D, Halevy A, Negri M, Levy N, Gelertner I, Ziv Y. A prospective, randomized double-blind study on the treatment of anal fissures with Nitroglycerin ointment Harefuah. 2004 Oct;143(10):713-7, 767, 766. Arroyo A, Perez F, Serrano P, Candela F, Calpena R. Open versus closed lateral sphincterotomy performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia for chronic anal fissure: prospective randomized study of clinical and manometric longterm results. J Am Coll Surg. 2004 Sep;199(3):361-7. Boschetto S, Giovannone M, Tosoni M, Barberani F. Hydropneumatic anal dilation in conservative treatment of chronic anal fissure: clinical outcomes and randomized comparison with topical nitroglycerin. Tech Coloproctol. 2004 Aug;8(2):89-92; discussion 92-3. Gupta PJ. Hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps, should they be removed during anal fissure surgery? World J Gastroenterol. 2004 Aug 15;10(16):2412-4. Maan MS, Mishra R, Thomas S, Hadke NS. Randomized, double-blind trial comparing topical nitroglycerine with xylocaine and Proctosedyl in idiopathic chronic anal fissure. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2004 May-Jun;23(3):91-3. Gupta PJ. A study of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous polyps associated with chronic anal fissures. Rom J Gastroenterol. 2004 Jun;13(2):103-7. Ellis CN. Anterior levatorplasty for the treatment of chronic anal fissures in females with a rectocele: a randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 Jul;47(7):1170-3. Wiley M, Day P, Rieger N, Stephens J, Moore J. Open vs. closed lateral internal sphincterotomy for idiopathic fissure-in-ano: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 Jun;47(6):847-52. Torrabadella L, Salgado G, Burns RW, Berman IR. Manometric study of topical sildenafil (Viagra) in patients with chronic anal fissure: sildenafil reduces anal resting tone. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 May;47(5):733-8. Tocchi A, Mazzoni G, Miccini M, Cassini D, Bettelli E, Brozzetti S. Total lateral sphincterotomy for anal fissure. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2004 May;19(3):245-9.Novell F, Novell Costa F, Novell J. Topical glyceryl trinitrate in the treatment of anal fissure. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2004 Apr;96(4):255-8. English, Spanish. Giral A, Memisoglu K, Gultekin Y, Imeryuz N, Kalayci C, Ulusoy NB, Tozun N. Botulinum toxin injection versus lateral internal sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a non-randomized controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol. 2004 Mar 22;4(1):7. Brisinda G, Albanese A, Cadeddu F, Bentivoglio AR, Mabisombi A, Marniga G, Maria G. Botulinum neurotoxin to treat chronic anal fissure: results of a randomized "Botox vs. Dysport" controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Mar 15;19(6):695-701. Parellada C. Randomized, prospective trial comparing 0.2 percent isosorbide dinitrate ointment with sphincterotomy in treatment of chronic anal fissure: a two-year follow-up. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 Apr;47(4):437-43. Nelson R. A systematic review of medical therapy for anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 Apr;47(4):422-31 Lindsey I, Jones OM, Cunningham C, Mortensen NJ. Chronic anal fissure. Br J Surg. 2004 Mar;91(3):270-9. Aysan E, Aren A, Ayar E. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of primary wound closure after lateral internal sphincterotomy. Am J Surg. 2004 Feb;187(2):291-4. Jones OM, Brading AF, Mortensen NJ. Mechanism of action of botulinum toxin on the internal anal sphincter. Br J Surg. 2004 Feb;91(2):224-8 Hyman N. Incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy: a prospective study and quality of life assessment. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 Jan;47(1):35-8. Epub 2004 Jan 14. Griffin N, Acheson AG, Tung P, Sheard C, Glazebrook C, Scholefield JH. Quality of life in patients with chronic anal fissure. Colorectal Dis. 2004 Jan;6(1):39-44. Karandikar S, Brown GM, Carr ND, Beynon J. Attitudes to the treatment of chronic anal fissure in ano after failed medical treatment. Colorectal Dis. 2003 Nov;5(6):569-72. Jones OM, Moore JA, Brading AF, Mortensen NJ. Botulinum toxin injection inhibits myogenic tone and sympathetic nerve function in the porcine internal anal sphincter. Colorectal Dis. 2003 Nov;5(6):552-7.Simpson J, Lund JN, Thompson RJ, Kapila L, Scholefield JH. The use of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in the treatment of chronic anal fissure in children. Med Sci Monit. 2003 Oct;9(10):PI123-6. Tocchi A, Mazzoni G, Miccini M, Cassini D, Bettelli E, Brozzetti S. Total lateral sphincterotomy for anal fissure. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2003 Sep 9 Siproudhis L, Sebille V, Pigot F, Hemery P, Juguet F, Bellissant E. Lack of effficacy of botulinum toxin in chronic anal fissure. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Sep 1;18(5):515-24 Acheson AG, Griffin N, Scholefield JH, Wilson VG. L-arginine-induced relaxation of the internal anal sphincter is not mediated by nitric oxide. Br J Surg. 2003 Sep;90(9):1155-62. Syed SA, Waris S, Ahmed E, Saeed N, Ali B. Lateral internal anal sphincterotomy for anal fissure: with or without associated anorectal procedures. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2003 Aug;13(8):436-9.Utzig MJ, Kroesen AJ, Buhr HJ. Concepts in pathogenesis and treatment of chronic anal fissure--a review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 May;98(5):968-74. Review. Ezri T, Susmallian S. Topical nifedipine vs. topical glyceryl trinitrate for treatment of chronic anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003 Jun;46(6):805-8. Bielecki K, Kolodziejczak M. A prospective randomized trial of diltiazem and glyceryltrinitrate ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Colorectal Dis. 2003 May;5(3):256-7. Minguez M, Herreros B, Benages A. Chronic Anal Fissure. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2003 Jun;6(3):257-262. Songun I, Boutkan H, Delemarre JB, Breslau PJ. Effect of isosorbide dinitrate ointment on anal fissure. Dig Surg. 2003;20(2):122-6.Lindsey I, Jones OM, Cunningham C, George BD, Mortensen NJ. Botulinum toxin as second-line therapy for chronic anal fissure failing 0.2 percent glyceryl trinitrate. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003 Mar;46(3):361-6. Merenstein D, Rosenbaum D. Is topical nifedipine effective for chronic anal fissures? J Fam Pract. 2003 Mar;52(3):190-2. Mentes BB, Irkorucu O, Akin M, Leventoglu S, Tatlicioglu E. Comparison of botulinum toxin injection and lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003 Feb;46(2):232-7. Scholefield JH, Bock JU, Marla B, Richter HJ, Athanasiadis S, Prols M, Herold A. A dose finding study with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% glyceryl trinitrate ointment in patients with chronic anal fissures. Gut. 2003 Feb;52(2):264-9. Garner
JP, McFall M, Edwards DP.The medical and surgical management of chronic anal fissure.
J R Army Med Corps. 2002 Sep;148(3):230-5. Graziano
A, Svidler Lopez L, Lencinas S, Masciangioli G, Gualdrini U, Bisisio O. Long-term
results of topical nitroglycerin in the treatment of chronic anal fissures are
disappointing. Tech Coloproctol. 2001 Dec;5(3):143-7. Nelson
R. Operative procedures for fissure in ano (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Database Syst
Rev. 2002;(1):CD002199. Engel AF, Eijsbouts QA, Balk AG Fissurectomy and isosorbide dinitrate for chronic fissure in ano not responding to conservative treatment. Br J Surg. 2002 Jan;89(1):79-83. McCallion K, Gardiner KR. Progress in the understanding and treatment of chronic anal fissure. Postgrad Med J. 2001 Dec;77(914):753-8. Review. Kenny SE, Irvine T, Driver CP, Nunn AT, Losty PD, Jones MO, Turnock RR, Lamont GL, Lloyd DA. Double blind randomised controlled trial of topical glyceryl trinitrate in anal fissure. Arch Dis Child. 2001 Nov;85(5):404-7. Jonas
M, Neal KR, Abercrombie JF, Scholefield JH. A randomized trial of oral vs. topical
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